Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) is a method to plot data on multi dimensional space from distance or strength data.
If we have a distance data set (from Tokyo to N.Y.), (from N.Y to London), (from London to N.Y), we can get a data set of position by MDS. And we can make a map of these cities.
Useful for relative evaluation, for example Questionnaire .
For Category Data, Quantification Methods 4 is available.
Example of R is in the page, Multidimensional scaling by R .