The figure is the simple case of the pass diagram and the structural equation.
"SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) and Covariance Structure Analysis is the same.
The name "Covariance Structure Analysis (CSA)" is popular. And in the Quality study, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is also important. So I use "CSA" in this page.
Easily speaking, CSA is the mix of Pass Analysis and Factor Analysis.
The figure is the simple case of the pass diagram and the structural equation.
Because real data include error(E), E is need to link the data and the equation.
Experimet by Statistical Model
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Independent Component Analysis
